Astronomers aim to unravel the mysteries of the Universe, from it's beginnings in the BigBang to its present state and future evolution.

How did stars and planets form? and How were galaxies and black holes created in the early Universe?

A new generation of cutting-edge telescopes, some already operational and others under construction, will aid in uncovering these answers. These advancements may even lead to the detection of signs of life on planets beyond our solar system.

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The BigBang marks the beginning of the Universe, when both space and time were created from nothingness. Following this event, the Universe was shrouded in darkness, with little more than hydrogen and helium gas present. It wasn’t until a few hundred million years later, when the first stars began to form, that the Universe became visible. The light from these early stars, which is over thirteen billion years old, continues its journey toward us and can be detected by our telescopes.

The study of the early Universe is a key focus of research at Leiden University’s astronomy department. This is not surprising, as understanding the origins and evolution of stars, galaxies, and black holes is essential to uncovering the history and future of the Universe.

At Leiden, scientists investigate the physics and chemistry behind star formation, both in nearby interstellar clouds and in distant galaxies. They also develop advanced computer simulations that model the growth of the Universe over time, allowing them to make predictions about its future. One particularly exciting area of research is the search for exoplanets – planets outside our solar system and exploring the possibility of finding life on these distant worlds.

Partners

Advancements in astronomy often stem from enhanced observations, which are made possible by cutting-edge telescopes. Leiden is a key partner in the development of some of the world’s most advanced instruments. One key benefit of this collaboration is that it guarantees our researchers access to valuable observation time once these highly sought-after instruments are operational. Notable examples of such projects include the LOFAR radio telescope, primarily funded by the Netherlands, and the ALMA observatory in Chile.

Both of these facilities have recently been completed and are set for many productive years of research. Leiden astronomers are also deeply involved in the development of the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and the James Webb Space Telescope, two projects that will push the boundaries of what can be observed in the next decade.

Driving Innovation

These multi-billion-euro projects, along with simulations of the Universe on supercomputers, all aim to tell the grand story of the Universe, from the BigBang to the present. But astronomy brings more than just a deeper understanding of the cosmos. The technical challenges associated with building and operating these telescopes and instruments push engineers to their limits and foster innovation.

Many of the technologies developed for astronomical research are also applied to benefit life on Earth. For example, the ISPEX device, which allows mobile phones to measure air particulates, originated from the technology originally designed for detecting exoplanets.

World-Wide Reputation

The astronomy institute at Leiden University has earned a stellar international reputation, reflecting the prominence of Dutch astronomy as a whole. Graduates of the MSc and PhD programs, along with researchers, have gone on to establish themselves in key positions within the global astronomy community. One such figure is Ewine van Dishoeck, who played a pivotal role in the creation of the major ALMA observatory in Chile and served as President of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2018.

However, Van Dishoeck emphasizes that this is not the most important aspect: “Here in Leiden, it’s not about a few big names. The research here is of the highest quality, and that applies to everyone—from the youngest researchers to the most experienced, across a wide range of fields.”

For Leiden Observatory, engaging with the public is a fundamental responsibility. Leiden astronomers are frequently featured in the media, sharing their discoveries and insights. Gaining a deeper understanding of the Universe holds significant cultural value, something recognized by many sectors of society. As Director Huub Röttgering puts it, “We want to understand our place in the Universe, and communicate that knowledge to the world.”